Conocimientos sobre el aborto inducido y opiniones sobre el uso del misoprostol en Aguascalientes / Knowledge about induced abortion and opinions about the use of misoprostol in Aguascalientes

Resumen Antecedentes: El misoprostol es un medicamento de fácil acceso con el que se puede tener un aborto seguro. Objetivo: Explorar los conocimientos sobre la situación legal del aborto en el Estado de Aguascalientes, en donde el aborto está penalizado, así como los conocimientos y opiniones sobre el misoprostol. Método: Se aplicó un cuestionario en línea a 208 adultos. Resultados: La mayoría de las participantes no conocía la situación legal del aborto ni del Estado de Aguascalientes ni del país. Cerca de la mitad conocía el misoprostol, y sus principales fuentes de información fueron Internet y redes sociales. Aproximadamente la mitad de estos participantes no supo qué complicaciones puede ocasionar que requieran atención médica. Conclusión: El conocimiento sobre la situación legal del aborto y sobre el uso del misoprostol como método abortivo es limitado. Existe consciencia de la importancia de la supervisión médica cuando se usa, aunque esta se dificulta debido a la ilegalidad del aborto en Aguascalientes.

Abstract Background: Misoprostol is an easily accessible medication with which to have a safe abortion. Objective: To explore knowledge about the legal situation of abortion in the state of Aguascalientes, where abortion is criminalized, as well as knowledge and opinions about misoprostol. Method: An online questionnaire was administered to 208 adults. Results: Most of the participants did not know the legal situation of abortion neither in the state of Aguascalientes nor in the country. Almost half of them knew about misoprostol, and their main sources of information were the Internet and social networks. About half of these participants did not know which are the complications that misoprostol may cause that require medical attention. Conclusion: Knowledge about the legal situation of abortion and about the use of misoprostol as an abortion method is limited. There is awareness of the importance of medical supervision when misoprostol is used, but obtaining this supervision is difficult due to the illegality of abortion in Aguascalientes.

Knowledge about COVID-19 in the General Population of Mexico

An analytical observational study was conducted to investigate the association between knowledge of COVID-19 in the general population of Mexico and sociodemographic variables of interest. A total of 758 adults between 18 and 74 years old (M = 37.3 SD = 12.6), of which 88.9% had higher education and 33.2% were health care workers, participated in an online questionnaire assessing disease knowledge and the COVID-5 item Fear Scale, which was adapted by the research team. The proportion of individuals with high knowledge about COVID-19 was found to be 41.0%. Participants with higher education and healthcare professionals demonstrated higher knowledge scores in comparison to those with primary and secondary education, as well as non-healthcare professionals (PR=1.25, 95%CI 1.05-1.48). In conclusion, that people with higher education and healthcare workers exhibited better knowledge scores regarding the disease, while high knowledge about COVID-19 was only associated with being a health professional.

Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico con el objetivo de explorar la asociación entre el conocimiento que tiene la población general de México sobre COVID-19 y las variables sociodemográficas de interés. Un total de 758 adultos entre 18 y 74 años (M=37,3 DE=12,6), 88,9% con educación superior y 33,2% trabajadores de la salud, diligenciaron un cuestionario en línea sobre conocimientos la enfermedad y la Escala de Temor a COVID-5, adaptada por el equipo de investigación. La proporción de conocimientos altos sobre COVID-19 fue del 41,0%. Las personas con educación superior y los profesionales de la salud presentaron puntajes de conocimientos altos en comparación con los que tenían primaria y secundaria y con los que no pertenecían al gremio de la salud RP = 1,25 IC 95% (1,05 - 1,48). Se concluye que las personas con escolaridad superior y los profesionales de la salud tienen mejores puntajes de conocimientos sobre la enfermedad, mientras que el conocimiento alto sobre COVID-19 solo se asoció con ser profesional de la salud.

Foi realizado um estudo observacional analítico com o objetivo de explorar a associação entre o conhecimento que tem a população geral de México sobre COVID-19 e as variáveis sociodemográficas de interesse. Um total de 758 adultos entre 18 e 74 anos (M=37,3 DE=12,6), 88,9% com ensino superior e 33,2% trabalhadores da saúde, responderam um questionário on-line sobre conhecimentos a doença e a Escala de Temor a COVID-5, adaptada pela equipe de pesquisa. A proporção de conhecimentos altos sobre COVID-19 foi do 41,0%. As pessoas com educação superior e os profissionais da saúde apresentaram pontuação de conhecimentos altos em comparação com os que tinham ensino básico e ensino médio e com os que não pertenciam aos profissionais da saúde RP = 1,25 IC 95% (1,05 - 1,48). Concluise que as pessoas com educação superior e os profissionais da saúde têm melhor pontuação de conhecimentos sobre a doença, enquanto que o conhecimento alto sobre COVID-19 só se associou com ser professional da saúde.

Desordens informativas: análise de pronunciamentos de Jair Bolsonaro contra a vacinação de covid-19 / Information disorders: analysis of statements by Jair Bolsonaro against covid-19 vaccination / Trastornos de la información: análisis de las declaraciones de Jair Bolsonaro contra la vacunación contra la covid-19

Baseando-se nos conceitos de "desordens informativas" propostos por Claire Wardle e Hossein Derakhshan, este trabalho propõe-se a observar o fenômeno de hesitação vacinal e a opinião pública em relação à vacina CoronaVac contra a covid-19, a partir da análise de falas públicas do presidente Jair Bolsonaro sobre esse imunizante produzido pelo Instituto Butantan em parceria com a biofarmacêutica chinesa Sinovac. As falas em questão foram proferidas no período de julho de 2020 a janeiro de 2021. Através de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, com finalidades exploratórias e descritivas, o trabalho analisou o conteúdo de dez pronunciamentos do então presidente sobre as vacinas no contexto do primeiro ano da pandemia de covid-19 no Brasil e observou desordens informativas dos seguintes tipos: má informação (17,6%), informação incorreta (47,1%) e desinformação (35,3%) em todas as falas. As desordens informativas propagadas contribuíram para os sentimentos de desconfiança e as posturas coletivas de hesitação vacinal relacionadas à covid-19, principalmente em relação à CoronaVac

Using the concepts of "informational disorder" proposed by Claire Wardle and Hossein Derakhshan, this paper observes the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy and the public opinion towards the CoronaVac vaccine against covid-19, from the analysis of public speeches by President Jair Bolsonaro about this immunizer produced by Instituto Butantan in partnership with the Chinese biopharmaceutical company Sinovac. The speeches in question were delivered in the period from July 2020 to January 2021. Through a qualitative approach research, with exploratory and descriptive purposes, the work analyzed the content of ten pronouncements of the president about vaccines in the context of the first year of the covid-19 pandemic in Brazil and observed informational disorders of the following types: bad information (17.6%), incorrect information (47.1%) and misinformation (35.3%) in all speeches. The propagated informational disorders contributed to feelings of distrust and collective postures of vaccine hesitancy related to covid-19, especially in relation to CoronaVac

Utilizando los conceptos de "desórdenes informativos" propuestos por Claire Wardle y Hossein Derakhshan, este trabajo observa el fenómeno de la vacilación a la vacunación y la opinión pública hacia la vacuna CoronaVac contra el covid-19, a partir del análisis de los discursos públicos del presidente Jair Bolsonaro sobre este inmunizante producido por el Instituto Butantan en asociación con la biofarmacéutica china Sinovac. Los discursos en cuestión se pronunciaron en el periodo comprendido entre julio de 2020 y enero de 2021. A través de una investigación de abordaje cualitativo, con fines exploratorios y descriptivos, el trabajo analizó el contenido de diez pronunciamientos del presidente sobre vacunas en el contexto del primer año de la pandemia de covid-19 en Brasil y observó trastornos informativos de los siguientes tipos: mala información (17,6%), información incorrecta (47,1%) y desinformación (35,3%) en todos los discursos. Los trastornos informativos propagados contribuyeron a los sentimientos de desconfianza y a las posturas colectivas de indecisión vacunal relacionadas con el covid-19, especialmente en relación con CoronaVac

A onda pró-ciência em tempos de negacionismo: percepção da sociedade brasileira sobre ciência, cientistas e universidades na pandemia da COVID-19 / The pro-science wave in times of denialism: Brazilian society's perception of science, scientists, and universities during the COVID-19 pandemic

Resumo O artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisas sobre percepção pública da ciência na pandemia no Brasil, realizadas no Centro de Estudos SoU_Ciência, sediado na Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp). Com o intuito de responder à pergunta: "A pandemia da COVID-19 alterou a percepção da sociedade brasileira sobre ciência, cientistas e universidades?", realizamos estudos quantitativos e qualitativos entre agosto/2021 e julho/2022. Em levantamentos quantitativos nacionais de opinião pública, coletamos dados exclusivos de série histórica de enquetes sobre o tema no Brasil, e em grupos focais, aprofundamos estudos sobre percepção e posicionamento político de diferentes segmentos sociais. Em meio ao quadro de crescimento do negacionismo científico, retrocessos políticos e sociais, desmonte de políticas públicas, especificamente científicas e tecnológicas, decorrentes do impeachment de 2016 e da eleição de Bolsonaro em 2018, as pesquisas indicam, aparentemente contrariando a tendência política obscurantista, uma expressiva ampliação do interesse público pela ciência na pandemia no país. Este trabalho analisa a emergência de uma "onda pró-ciência" na opinião pública no Brasil, os fatores que propiciaram seu surgimento na pandemia e suas perspectivas na atualidade.

Abstract This article presents the results of our study on the public perception of science during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, carried out at the Centro de Estudos SoU_Ciência, from Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). To answer the question: "Has the COVID-19 pandemic changed the perception of Brazilian society about science, scientists, and universities?", quantitative and qualitative studies were conducted between August 2021 and July 2022. In national quantitative public opinion surveys, we collected exclusive data from a historical series of polls on the subject in Brazil, and in focus groups, we deepened studies on the perception and political position of different social segments. Amid the growth of scientific denialism; political and social setbacks; and the dismantling of public policies, specifically scientific and technological, resulting from the impeachment of 2016 and the election of Bolsonaro in 2018, research indicates, apparently contrary to an obscurantist political tendency, a significant expansion of public interest in science during the pandemic in the country. This paper analyzes the emergence of a "pro-science wave" in public opinion in Brazil, the factors that led to its emergence during the pandemic, and its current prospects.

La memoria como práctica mediática discursiva frente a la reparación simbólica y la ley de víctimas / Memory as a Discursive Media Practice Vis-A-Vis Symbolic Reparation and the Victims' Law

Resumen El artículo aborda las diferentes perspectivas de opinión que se difunden en la Web entorno a la memoria, la reparación simbólica de las víctimas y frente a la Ley 1448. Tiene por objetivo analizar los núcleos conceptuales y de significado presentes en los diferentes documentos seleccionados.

Abstract The article addresses the different perspectives of opinion, which are dissemi nated on the Web around memory, symbolic reparation of victims and vis-a-vis Law 1448. It aims to analyze the conceptual and meaning cores present in the different selected documents.

La opinión pública colombiana sobre el acuerdo de paz 2016-2020: punitivismo, desconfianza y ostracismo / Colombian public opinion on the 2016-2020 peace agreement: punitivism, distrust and ostracism / Opinião pública colombiana sobre o acordo de paz de 2016-2020: punitivismo, desconfiança e ostracismo

Después de varias décadas de conflicto armado en Colombia, el Gobierno colombiano y las Farc-EP firmaron, en 2016, el Acuerdo Final para la terminación del conflicto y la construcción de una paz estable y duradera. No obstante, este acuerdo no fue refrendado por la ciudadanía, en un plebiscito celebrado ese mismo año. En 2018, ganó las elecciones presidenciales un candidato que prometió cambiar las condiciones del Acuerdos Final y modificar uno de sus principales instrumentos: la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz (JEP). En ese contexto esta investigación se pregunta: ¿cuál es la opinión de los colombianos sobre el Acuerdo Final y la JEP? La investigación indaga en las opiniones de los colombianos a través de un análisis estadístico comparativo de tres encuestas de opinión de 2016, 2018 y 2020. Los resultados detallan los cambios actitudinales ocurridos en esos años, como la disminución del rechazo frontal a los Acuerdos de Paz y el leve incremento de las posibilidades de reintegración de los excombatientes a la vida civil. También, expone algunas reticencias al cambio, como la desconfianza persistente, la reafirmación del rechazo al indulto de los excombatientes (punitivismo) y a su participación política (ostracismo).

After several decades of armed conflict in Colombia, the Colombian Government and the Farc-EP signed, in 2016, the Final Agreement for the termination of the conflict and the construction of a stable and lasting peace. However, this agreement was not endorsed by the citizenry, in a plebiscite held that same year. In 2018, the presidential elections were won by a candidate who promised to change the conditions of the Final Agreement and to modify one of its main instruments: the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP). In this context, this research asks: what is the opinion of Colombians on the Final Agreement and the SJP? The research inquiries into the opinions of Colombians through a comparative statistical analysis of three opinion polls from 2016, 2018 and 2020. The results detail the attitudinal changes that occurred in those years, such as the decrease in the frontal rejection of the Peace Accords and the slight increase in the possibilities of reintegration of ex-combatants to civilian life. It also exposes some reluctance to change, such as persistent distrust, the reaffirmation of the rejection of pardoning ex-combatants (punitivism) and their political participation (ostracism).

Após várias décadas de conflito armado na Colômbia, o governo colombiano e as FARC-EP assinaram, em 2016, o Acordo Final para o fim do conflito e a construção de uma paz estável e duradoura. Entretanto, este acordo não foi endossado pelos cidadãos em um plebiscito realizado no mesmo ano. Em 2018, as eleições presidenciais foram ganhas por um candidato que prometeu mudar as condições do Acordo Final e modificar um de seus principais instrumentos: a Jurisdição Especial para a Paz (JEP). Neste contexto, esta pesquisa pergunta: qual é a opinião dos colombianos sobre o Acordo Final e o SJP? A pesquisa investiga as opiniões dos colombianos através de uma análise estatística comparativa de três pesquisas de opinião de 2016, 2018 e 2020. Os resultados detalham as mudanças de atitude que ocorreram nesses anos, tais como a diminuição da rejeição direta dos Acordos de Paz e o leve aumento das possibilidades de reintegração de ex-combatentes na vida civil. Também expõe alguma relutância em mudar, como a desconfiança persistente, a reafirmação da rejeição do perdão de ex-combatentes (punitivismo) e de sua participação política (ostracismo).

Opinions of healthcare students on organ and tissue donation for transplantation / Opiniones de estudiantes del área de la salud sobre la donación de órganos y tejidos para trasplante / Opiniões de estudantes de saúde sobre a doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplante

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the opinions of healthcare students on organ and tissue donation for transplantation. Methods: qualitative document analysis study, using the records of a database and analyzing data from two perspectives: 1) Lexical analysis, with the IRAMUTEQ software, and 2) Thematic content analysis. Results: from the analysis, 3 main categories were generated: 1) Organ and tissue donation as an act of love for others and an opportunity of a new beginning; 2) Clarification and awareness on organ and tissue donation; and 3) Importance of communicating the family and promoting organ and tissue donation. Final Considerations: despite being in favor of donation, students also recognize the presence of social taboos; the discussion in the family nucleus, promoting the theme and raising awareness in society are considered important. Additionally, the education of students is one of the possibilities of intervention for the issue.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar las opiniones de estudiantes de cursos de la salud sobre la donación de órganos y tejidos para trasplante. Métodos: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, con diseño de análisis documental, a partir del registro de un banco de datos, considerado bajo dos ópticas: 1) Análisis lexical, con el software IRAMUREQ, y 2) Análisis temático de contenido. Resultados: del análisis se generaron 3 categorías principales: 1) Donación de órganos y tejidos como acto de amor al prójimo y oportunidad de recomenzar; 2) Desmitificación y concienciación sobre la donación de órganos y tejidos; e 3) Importancia de comunicar a la familia y divulgar la donación de órganos y tejidos. Consideraciones Finales: a pesar de que los estudiantes hayan mostrado opiniones favorables hacia la donación, reconocen, también, la existencia de tabúes sociales, haciéndose necesaria la discusión en el núcleo familiar, la divulgación de la temática y la concienciación de la sociedad. Una de las posibilidades de intervención en la problemática es la educación de los alumnos.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as opiniões de estudantes de cursos da saúde sobre a doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplante. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, com desenho de análise documental, a partir de registro de um banco de dados, analisados sob duas óticas: 1) Análise lexical, com o software IRAMUREQ, e 2) Análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: da análise, geraram-se 3 categorias principais: 1) Doação de órgãos e tecidos como ato de amor ao próximo e oportunidade de recomeço; 2) Desmistificação e conscientização sobre doação de órgãos e tecidos; e 3) Importância de comunicar a família e divulgar a doação de órgãos e tecidos. Considerações Finais: apesar dos estudantes demonstrarem opiniões favoráveis à doação, também reconhecem a presença de tabus sociais, sendo importante a discussão em núcleo familiar, a divulgação da temática e a conscientização da sociedade. Além disso, a educação dos discentes torna-se uma das possibilidades de intervenção na problemática.

Would the Brazilian population support the alcohol policies recommended by the World Health Organization?

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the support of the Brazilian population to the alcohol-policies proposed by the World Health Organization to decrease alcohol harm (specifically: to decrease alcohol availability and advertising, and to increase pricing). In addition, we evaluated the factors associated with being against those policies. METHODS Data from 16,273 Brazilians, aged 12-65 years, interviewed in the 3rd Brazilian Household Survey on Substance Use (BHSU-3) were analyzed. The BHSU-3 is a nationwide, probability survey conducted in 2015. Individuals were asked if they would be against, neutral, or in favor of seven alcohol policies grouped as: 1) Strengthen restrictions on alcohol availability; 2) Enforce bans or restrictions on alcohol advertising, sponsorship, and promotion; and 3) Raise prices on alcohol through excise taxes and pricing. Generalized linear models were fitted to evaluate factors associated with being against each one of those policies and against all of policies. RESULTS Overall, 28% of the Brazilians supported all the above mentioned policies, whereas 16% were against them. The highest rate of approval refers to restricting advertising (53%), the lowest refers to increasing prices (40%). Factors associated with being against all policies were: being male (AOR = 1.1; 95%CI: 1.0-1.3), not having a religion (AOR = 1.4; 95%CI: 1.1-1.8), being catholic (AOR = 1.3; 95%CI: 1.1-1.5), and alcohol dependence (AOR = 1.6; 95%CI: 1.1-2.4). CONCLUSIONS The Brazilian government could count on the support of most of the population to restrict alcohol advertising. This information is essential to tackle the lobby of the alcohol industry and its clever marketing strategy.

Comparing public interest on stone disease between developed and underdeveloped nations: are search patterns on google trends similar?

ABSTRACT Objective: The big data provided by Google Trends may reveal patterns in health information-seeking behavior on population from Brazil and United States (US). Our objective was to explore and compare patterns of stone disease online information-seeking behaviors in both nations. Materials and Methods: To compare Relative Search Volume (RSV) among different urologic key words we chose "US" and "Brazil" as country and "01/01/2009 - 31/12/2018" as time-range. The final selection included 12 key words in each language. We defined "ureteroscopy" as a reference and compared RSV against it for each term. RSV was adjusted by the reference and normalized in a scale from 0-100. Trend presence was evaluated by Mann Kendall Test and magnitude by Sen's Slope (SS) Estimator. Results: We found an upward trend (p <0.01) in most of the researched terms in both countries. Higher temporal trends were seen for "Kidney Stone" (SS=0.36), "Kidney Pain" (SS=0.39) and "Tamsulosin" (SS=0.21) in the US. Technical treatment terms had little search volumes and no increasing trend. "Kidney Stent" and "Double J" had a significant increase in search trend over time and had a relevant search volume overall in 2018. In Brazil, "Calculo Renal", "Colica Renal", "Dor no Rim" and "Pedra no Rim" had a significant increase in RSV (p <0.001). More common and popular terms as "Kidney Stent" and "Tamsulosin" were highly correlated with "Kidney Pain" and "Kidney Stone" in both countries. Conclusions: In the last decade, there was a significant increase in online search for medical information related to stone-disease. Population from both countries tend to look more for generic terms related to symptoms, the disease, medical management and kidney stent, than for technical treatment vocabulary.

Countermeasures for online public opinion governance amid major public health events / 中华医院管理杂志

Based on the realities of COVID-19 pandemic, the authors when following a concept clarification of online public opinion and its governance connotation, probed deep into the problems existing in the online public opinion governance during major public health events under the background of rich media in China, and put forward corresponding countermeasures. The authors called for furthering the governance theory as the premise, improving the legal construction as the foundation, improving the governance mechanism as the crux, strengthening the governance means as the priority, shaping the sense of social responsibility of service providers as the guarantee, and improving the information literacy of Internet users as the fundamental basis.

Text mining of the media coverage of major public health emergencies: a case study of COVID-19 / 上海预防医学

Objective Based on the text analysis of COVID-19 media report, text mining was used to probe the trend of major public health emergencies and response of the government and social subjects in China. Methods Using the topic model method, we focused on the quantity of news report, topic content, development trend, and emotional tendency, to present the characteristics of media report on China's public health emergency, and the response mechanism of the Chinese government and the whole society. Results The media report and news commentary of COVID-19 showed a consistent trend with the epidemic progress. The governmental response was the main target of media report, while social power, medical progress and other categories also attracted some attention. The development trend of different topics was characterized by continual or periodic variation due to their different attributes. Conclusion The topic model method comprehensively demonstrates the development and response process of the COVID-19 epidemic. The model may provide a new perspective to improve the national public emergency management system.

Network public opinion on national blood safety in 2019 / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the network public opinion on national blood safety in 2019, so as to effectively deal with and prevent the risk of it and create a favorable climate for voluntary blood donation. 【Methods】 Keywords such as blood donation policy, blood supply and blood transfusion risk were set up in TRS OM 5.0, and the network public opinion on national blood safety in 2019 was collected. The trend of network public opinion, regional distribution and key public opinion events were analyzed. 【Results】 A total of 2 299 581 pieces of public opinion information were collected in 2019. The trend was seasonal. The information was relatively intensive in February, April, June and December, during which hot events happened frequently. The information mainly concentrated in Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong and Zhejiang. In terms of microblog netizens’ opinion. 57.1% tended to support, and 31.9% showed no support. The top 10 network public opinion events on national blood safety in 2019 were selected according to the heat value, among which 8 were positive and 2 were negative. 【Conclusion】 Network public opinion on blood safety in 2019 was mainly positive. The most intensive public opinion mainly concentrated in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Hainan, Qinghai, and Chongqing. However, as a province with a large number of ethnic minorities, Qinghai, ranked among the top 5 in China in terms of the network public opinion on blood safety per thousand, which deserved special attention and further analysis.

Discursos ciudadanos acerca de la muerte en condiciones de dignidad y sobre la potencial aplicación de medidas de acompañamiento en este proceso (Región Metropolitana, Chile) / Citizen speeches about death in conditions of dignity and about the potential application of accompanying measures in this process (Metropolitan Region, Chile) / Discursos cidadãos acerca da morte em condições de dignidade e sobre a potencial aplicação de medidas de acompanhamento neste processo (Região Metropolitana, Chile)

Resumen El presente artículo expone los resultados de una investigación empírica que se ha adentrado en las experiencias y discursos ciudadanos respecto del tema de la muerte en dignidad, y de la legitimidad de la implementación de medidas de acompañamiento de este proceso. A través del análisis de lo obtenido en siete grupos de discusión, llevados a cabo en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile, se ha podido concluir la existencia de altos niveles de consenso en la ciudadanía, respecto de la legitimidad de implementar medidas externas para terminar con la vida de pacientes que lo soliciten debido al padecimiento de enfermedades terminales, y de la necesidad de contar con una normativa legal que respalde su aplicación. Todo esto en el marco de una amplia valoración ciudadana de la autonomía personal y desde la narración de experiencias que revelan los grandes costos emocionales y monetarios que implica el cuidado de personas con enfermedades terminales.

Abstract This article presents the results of empirical research that investigates the citizen's perspectives regarding the issue of death with dignity and the legitimacy of the implementation of measures to accompany this process. Through the implementation and analysis of seven discussion groups, carried out in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile, it can be concluded that there are high levels of consensus among the citizens supporting the need for implementation of external measures to end the life of patients who request it due to suffering related to terminal illnesses, and the need to have legal regulations that supports its application. All of this has been evaluated within the framework of a broad citizen assessment of personal autonomy and from the narration of experiences that reveal the great emotional and monetary burden involved in the process of caring for people with terminal illnesses.

Resumo O presente artigo expõe os resultados de uma investigação empírica que adentrou as experiências e discursos cidadãos a respeito do tema da morte com dignidade e da legitimidade da implementação de medidas de acompanhamento deste processo. Através da análise do obtido em sete grupos de discussão, levados a cabo na Região Metropolitana de Santiago do Chile, se pode demonstrar a existência de altos níveis de consenso entre as pessoas no que diz respeito à legitimidade de implementar medidas externas para terminar com a vida de pacientes que as solicitem devido ao padecimento de enfermidades terminais e da necessidade de contar com uma normativa legal que respalde sua aplicação. Tudo isto no contexto de uma ampla valorização cidadã da autonomia pessoal e a partir da narrativa de experiências que revelam os grandes custos emocionais e econômicos implicados no cuidado de pessoas com enfermidades terminais.

A formação de opinião política entre estudantes do ensino médio de guarulhos-sp / Political opinion formation among secondary education students in guarulhos / La formación de opinión política entre los estudiantes de educación media de guarulhos / La formation d'opinion politique chez des lycéens a guarulhos

Resumo Este artigo visa a compreender o posicionamento político e a formação de opinião dos jovens a partir da aplicação de um survey junto aos estudantes de escolas públicas do município de Guarulhos, São Paulo. Por meio de análises descritivas e modelos de regressão logística, buscou-se identificar os determinantes de uma posição mais progressista ou mais conversadora em relação a diferentes temas políticos, considerando características socioeconômicas e relacionais. Os resultados mostram que a proximidade com a família, com determinadas denominações religiosas ou com o grupo de pares pode influenciar na formação de opinião. Da mesma forma, a questão de gênero e a autoidentificação como pobre e de periferia exercem influência importante no posicionamento em questões políticas relativas a esses grupos.

Abstract This article aims to understand youths' political positions and opinion formation based on a survey with students in public schools in the municipality of Guarulhos, Brazil. We used descriptive analysis and logistic regression models to identify the determinants of a more progressive or conservative position on different political issues, considering socio-economic and relational characteristics. The results show that closeness to family, to certain religious denominations or to the group of peers can influence opinion formation. Likewise, the gender issue and self-identification as a poor person from a deprived neighborhood have a significant influence on youths' positions on political issues related with these groups.

Resumen El artículo intenta comprender la posición política y la formación de opinión de los jóvenes, a partir de la aplicación de una encuesta junto a los estudiantes de escuelas públicas del municipio de Guarulhos, Brasil. Por medio de análisis descriptivos y modelos de regresión logística, se trató de identificar los determinantes de una posición más progresista o más conservadora em relación con distintos temas políticos, considerando características socioeconómicas y relacionales. Los resultados muestran que la proximidad con la familia, con determinadas denominaciones religiosas o con el grupo de pares puede influenciar la formación de opinión. De la misma forma, el tema de género y la autoidentificación como pobre y habitante de la periferia ejercen una importante influencia en la posición relativa a temas políticos en dichos grupos.

Résumé L'article vise comprendre le positionnement politique et la formation d'une opinion des jeunes à partir de l'application d'un survey auprès des étudiants d'écoles publiques de la municipalité de Guarulhos, Brésil. Par moyen des analyses descriptives et des modèles de régression logistique on a cherché à identifier les déterminants d'une position plus progressiste ou plus conservatrice par rapport à différents thèmes politiques, prenant en compte des caractéristiques socioéconomiques et relationnelles. Les résultats montrent que la proximité avec la famille, avec quelques dénominations religieuses ou avec le groupe de pairs peut influencer dans la formation d'opinion. De la même façon, le genre et l'auto-identification comme pauvre et banlieusard exercent une influence importante dans le positionnement sur les questions politiques concernant ces groupes.

Mental health status of medical staff in the epidemic period of coronavirus disease 2019 / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the psychological status of medical staff in the epidemic period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to analyze its influential factors.@*METHODS@#A total of 373 medical staff from Xiangya Hospital and the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were enrolled for this study. The General Sociological Data Questionnaire, Symptom Check-List 90 (SCL-90), and self-designed public opinion response questionnaire were used to assess general sociological data, mental health scores, and ability to respond to COVID-19 related public opinion information of medical staff. The mental health scores of medical staff with different general sociological data and public opinion information coping abilities were compared. Influential factors of mental health were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The average score of 10 factors in SCL-90 of 373 medical staff was less than 2 points. 14.21% medical staff had one or more factor scores more than two points, including 11.26% with terror symptoms, 7.77% with compulsive symptoms, and 5.63% with anxiety. The main sources of COVID-19 information for medical staff included WeChat, microblog, Jinri toutiao, TV and radio. 66.22% medical staff regularly verified information about COVID-19 through official websites or formal channels. A great deal of COVID-19 information in WeChat could make medical staff nervous (34.05%), anxious (30.29%), and insecure (29.22%). 68.63% medical staff sometimes were worried about getting infected because they knew information about COVID-19. Different departments of medical staff, getting cough or having a fever recently, and the degree of fear of infection had an impact on the SCL-90 score of medical staff, the differences were all statistically significant (all <0.05). Stepwise regression analysis showed that the impact of COVID-19 information on their life in WeChat, getting cough or having a fever recently, insomnia-early caused by COVID-19 information in WeChat, different departments, and the degree of fear of infection COVID-19 were the influential factors for the mental health of medical staff (all <0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#During the epidemic of COVID-19, medical staff suffered from psychological problems to various degrees. It is necessary to establish a psychological assistance platform and guide the direction of public opinion correctly to promote the mental health of medical staff.

Limitações da pesquisa do Fórum de Segurança Pública sobre percepção de violência sexual no Brasil / Limitations of the survey conducted by the Forum of Public Security on the perception of sexual violence in Brazil / Limites de l'enquête menée par le Forum de la Sécurité Publique à propos de la perception de la violence sexuelle au Brésil / Limitaciones en la encuesta realizada por el Foro de Seguridad Pública sobre la percepción de la violencia sexual en Brasil

Resumo Este artigo examinou a metodologia da pesquisa de opinião intitulada "Percepção sobre a violência sexual e atendimento a mulheres vítimas nas instituições policiais", conduzida em 2016 pelo Fórum Brasileiro de Segurança Pública. Os resultados mostraram que a pesquisa possuiu limitações metodológicas quanto à amostragem, análises estatísticas e formulação de seus itens (exemplos: falta de operacionalização de construtos, ambiguidade e expectativa não realista do conhecimento de seus respondentes), que comprometem a legitimidade de seus resultados. Pesquisas de opinião futuras realizadas no Brasil nessa área podem se beneficiar do uso de escalas validadas. O presente artigo não tem o intuito de desacreditar que muitos brasileiros endossam atitudes de tolerância ao estupro. Em vez disso, enfatiza a necessidade de dados confiáveis e válidos que servirão de base para medidas de intervenção.

Abstract This article examined the methodology used in the survey named "Perception of sexual violence and care of female victims by police institutions", conducted in 2016 by the Brazilian Forum of Public Security. The results showed that this research has methodological limitations regarding sampling, statistical analysis, and formulation of items (e.g., lack of operationalization of constructs, ambiguity and unrealistic expectation regarding the knowledge of respondents), which compromise the legitimacy of its results. Future surveys conducted in Brazil in this field may benefit from the use of validated scales. This article does not attempt to discredit the idea that many Brazilians endorse tolerant attitudes toward rape. Instead, it emphasizes the need for reliable and valid data that must be the basis for intervention measures.

Résumé Cet article a analysé la méthodologie utilisée dans l'enquête intitulée "Perception de la violence sexuelle et prise en charge des femmes victimes par les institutions de police", menée en 2016 par le Forum Brésilien de la Sécurité Publique. Les résultats ont montré que cette recherche présente des limites méthodologiques en ce qui concerne l'échantillonnage, l'analyse statistique et la formulation de ses items (par exemple, le manque d'opérationnalisation des concepts, l'ambiguïté et l'attente irréaliste des connaissances des répondants), qui mettent en question la légitimité de ses résultats. Les futurs sondages d'opinion menés au Brésil dans ce domaine pourraient bénéficier de l'utilisation d'échelles validées. Cet article ne vise pas à discréditer l'idée que de nombreux Brésiliens souscrivent à des attitudes de tolérance au viol. Au contraire, il souligne la nécessité de disposer de données fiables et valides qui serviront de base aux mesures d'intervention.

Resumen Este artículo ha examinado la metodología utilizada en la encuesta de opinión titulada "Percepción de la violencia sexual y la atención a mujeres víctimas por parte de instituciones policiales", realizada en 2016 por el Foro Brasileño de Seguridad Pública. Los resultados mostraron que la mencionada encuesta tiene limitaciones metodológicas con respecto al muestreo, análisis estadísticos y la formulación de sus ítems (por ejemplo, falta de operacionalización de constructos, ambigüedad y expectativa poco realista del conocimiento de los encuestados), que comprometen la legitimidad de sus resultados y de sus conclusiones. Las futuras encuestas de opinión realizadas en Brasil en este campo pueden beneficiarse del uso de escalas validadas. Este artículo no intenta desacreditar la idea de que muchos brasileños respaldan actitudes tolerantes hacia la violación. En cambio, enfatiza la necesidad de datos confiables y válidos que serán la base para las medidas de intervención.

Entre o debate público e o silêncio: análise da cobertura jornalística online sobre a questão do suicídio de adolescentes e jovens negros no Brasil / Between public debate and silence: analysis of online journalist coverage about the suicide of black teenagers and youth in Brazil / Entre debate público y silencio: análisis de la cobertura periodística online sobre el tema del suicidio de adolescentes y jóvenes en Brasil

Este artigo objetiva analisar o fomento do debate público promovido pela cobertura jornalística on-line sobre a questão do suicídio de adolescentes e jovens negros no Brasil. Para isso, foram selecionadas três reportagens de três veículos de comunicação: G1 ­ Ciência e Saúde (ligado às Organizações Globo), Nexo (jornal digital independente) e o Alma Preta (agência de jornalismo especializada na temática étnica do Brasil). Com o uso de teorias sobre prática jornalística, opinião pública e silêncio, além do emprego da hermenêutica de profundidade, este estudo concluiu que a mídia não promove integralmente o debate público sobre a questão. O G1 ­ Ciência e Saúde reproduziu o discurso da mídia hegemônica, não dando voz para os negros; o Nexo foi o jornal que tratou o tema de forma mais completa, com uso de dados e fontes, sendo negra uma delas; e o Alma Preta foi o que menos abriu espaço para identificação do público negro, com a ausência de fontes e falta de representação.

This article aims to analyze the public debate at online journalistic coverage on the issue of suicide among black teenagers and young people in Brazil. For this, three news from three media were selected: G1 Ciência e Saúde (linked to Globo Organizations), Nexo (independent digital newspaper) and Alma Preta (journalism agency specializing in ethnic issues in Brazil). Using theories of journalistic practice, public opinion and silence, as well as the use of deep hermeneutics, this study concluded that the media does not fully promote public debate on the issue. G1 ­ Ciência e Saúde reproduced the hegemonic media discourse, giving no voice to blacks; Nexo was the newspaper that dealt with the theme most completely, using data and sources, one of them being black; and Alma Preta was the least open to the identification of the black public, with the absence of sources and lack of representation.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el debate público a través de la cobertura periodística online sobre el tema del suicidio entre adolescentes y jóvenes negros en Brasil. Para esto se seleccionaron tres medios: G1 ­ Ciência e Saúde (vinculado a Organizaciones Globo), Nexo (periódico digital independiente) y Alma Preta (agencia de periodismo especializada em temas étnicos en Brasil). Utilizando teorías de práctica periodística, opinión pública y silencio, así como el uso de una hermenéutica profunda, este estudio concluyó que los medios no promueven completamente el debate público sobre el tema. G1 ­ Ciência e Saúde reprodujo el discurso de los medios hegemónicos, sin dar voz a los negros; Nexo fue el periódico que trató el tema más completamente, utilizando datos y fuentes; y Alma Preta fue la menos abierta a la identificación del público negro, con la ausencia de fuentes y la falta de representación.

Health Information Technology Trends in Social Media: Using Twitter Data / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed the health technology trends and sentiments of users using Twitter data in an attempt to examine the public's opinions and identify their needs. METHODS: Twitter data related to health technology, from January 2010 to October 2016, were collected. An ontology related to health technology was developed. Frequently occurring keywords were analyzed and visualized with the word cloud technique. The keywords were then reclassified and analyzed using the developed ontology and sentiment dictionary. Python and the R program were used for crawling, natural language processing, and sentiment analysis. RESULTS: In the developed ontology, the keywords are divided into ‘health technology‘ and ‘health information‘. Under health technology, there are are six subcategories, namely, health technology, wearable technology, biotechnology, mobile health, medical technology, and telemedicine. Under health information, there are four subcategories, namely, health information, privacy, clinical informatics, and consumer health informatics. The number of tweets about health technology has consistently increased since 2010; the number of posts in 2014 was double that in 2010, which was about 150 thousand posts. Posts about mHealth accounted for the majority, and the dominant words were ‘care‘, ‘new‘, ‘mental‘, and ‘fitness‘. Sentiment analysis by subcategory showed that most of the posts in nearly all subcategories had a positive tone with a positive score. CONCLUSIONS: Interests in mHealth have risen recently, and consequently, posts about mHealth were the most frequent. Examining social media users' responses to new health technology can be a useful method to understand the trends in rapidly evolving fields.

Percepción de diversos sectores sociales de Colombia sobre los biobancos con fines de investigación / The perception of different social agents in Colombia regarding biobanks for research purposes

Introducción. Los biobancos con fines de investigación son un bien público que necesita de la participación activa de todas las partes interesadas, por lo cual es importante conocer la percepción que tiene el público general en Colombia sobre su intervención en un biobanco. Objetivo. Indagar en diferentes sectores sociales colombianos sobre su percepción en torno a la donación de material biológico humano para ser almacenado en biobancos con fines de investigación. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio exploratorio tanto cuantitativo como cualitativo, entre personas sanas de diferentes sectores del país mediante una encuesta anónima sobre su conocimiento y actitudes con respecto a los biobancos. Resultado. La encuesta fue respondida por 368 personas, que incluían investigadores en salud, abogados y miembros de comités de ética de la investigación. El 96 % de los sujetos expresó su voluntad de donar material biológico, aunque el 60 % manifestó tener desconfianza en que sus muestras fueran usadas en algunos tipos de investigación, especialmente en clonación humana. Cerca de la mitad de los participantes refirieron saber qué era un biobanco, sin embargo, menos del 3 % tenía claridad suficiente sobre el concepto. Conclusión. Los participantes expresaron su disposición a donar y almacenar material biológico con fines de investigación, así como su opinión sobre algunos aspectos de la gestión de los biobancos. Las opiniones del público general se deben tener en cuenta en el desarrollo de políticas que regulen la actividad de los biobancos con fines de investigación en Colombia.

Introduction: Biobanks for research purposes are public assets that require active participation from all interested parties; therefore, it is important to discern and investigate the perception that the general public in Colombia has with regards to their participation in a biobank. Objective: To question different healthy Colombian social agents about the perception they have on donating human biological material to be stored in a biobank for future research purposes. Materials and methods: We conducted an exploratory quantitative and qualitative research by means of an anonymous survey on healthy members of the Colombian community in order to evaluate their knowledge and stances related to biobanks. Results: Three hundred sixty-eight (368) individuals completed the survey, including health-care researchers, lawyers and members of research ethics committees. Ninety-six percent (96%) of the subjects stated their willingness to donate biological material to biobanks, although 60% expressed distress about their samples being used for certain research activities, mainly human cloning. Even though about half of the participants reported knowing what a biobank is, less than 3% of the individuals had a clear concept of them. Conclusion: Participants showed their willingness to donate and store their biological material for research purposes. Similarly, they expressed their opinion about issues related to the management of biobanks. It is necessary to take into account the opinions of the general public in the development of policies that regulate biobanks for research purposes in Colombia.

Economic decisions on who to treat when resources are not enough for everyone. Evidence from a Spanish survey / Decisiones económicas respecto a quién tratar cuando los recursos no son suficientes para todos. Evidencia de una encuesta española

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the attitudes of Spanish citizens towards the criteria that should be used as a guide to make decisions regarding the prioritization of patients, namely, medical, economic and person-based criteria. Methods An online self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 546 Spanish respondents. The questionnaire was made up of three questions. In the first two questions respondents faced a hypothetical rationing dilemma involving four patients (differentiated by personal characteristics and health conditions) where they were asked to: (i) choose only one patient to be treated and (ii) rank the patients' assistance priority order. As for the third question, respondents were asked to state their level of agreement with 14 healthcare rationing criteria through a five-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis and multinomial regressions were used. Results Findings suggest that Spanish respondents support a plurality of views on the rationing principles on which healthcare micro allocation decisions should be based. Despite the fact respondents support the idea that all patients should receive healthcare assistance equally, they also consider the age of the patient, as well as economic factors when establishing assistance priories among patients. Conclusions If it is not possible to provide health care assistance and treatments to all people, then age and economic factors should guide healthcare priority setting.(AU)

RESUMEN Objetivo Explorar las actitudes de los ciudadanos españoles hacia los principios que deben guiar las decisiones relativas a la priorización de pacientes. Métodos Se utilizó un cuestionario auto administrado en línea para recopilar datos de una muestra de 546 encuestados españoles. El cuestionario consta de tres preguntas. En las dos primeras preguntas, los encuestados se enfrentaron a un hipotético dilema de racionamiento con cuatro pacientes (diferenciados por características personales y condiciones de salud) donde tuvieron que: (i) seleccionar un solo paciente para tratar y (ii) clasificar a los pacientes por orden de asistencia. En la tercera pregunta, los encuestados tuvieron que indicar su nivel de acuerdo con 14 criterios de racionamiento a través de una escala de Likert de cinco puntos. Se usaron estadísticas descriptivas, análisis de factores y regresiones multinomiales. Resultados Los resultados sugieren que los encuestados españoles soportan una pluralidad de puntos de vista sobre los principios de racionamiento que sostengan las decisiones de micro asignación de los cuidados de salud. A pesar de que los encuesta-dos apoyan el valor ético de tratar a las personas por igual, también valoran la edad de los pacientes y los factores económicos al establecer las prioridades entre pacientes. Conclusiones Si las personas no pueden ser tratadas por igual, entonces la edad del paciente y las consideraciones económicas deben apoyar el establecimiento de prioridades de atención médica.(AU)